The Protective Effect of Rhizophora Apiculata Bark Extract Against Testicular Damage Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Male Rats

background: the mangrove bark extract (rhizophora apiculata) is known to have the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals, act as antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory. objective: this study ...

Cloning And Expression Of Plasmodium Falciparum Lactate Dehydrogenase (Pfldh) In Escherichia Coli Bl21(de3)

background: immediate and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential for effective control of this disease. immunochromatographic based rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are economical, simple to perform...

Effectiveness of Crude Oil Degrading Fungi Isolated From Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil in Siak, Riau

background: biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon needs a specific technique called bioremediation to remove the environmental pollutants. several indigenous microorganisms including fungi, bacteria...

Role of Malondialdehyde (Mda) in Patients with Breast Cancer Diseases

background: breast cancer is one of the most common cancers as well as one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women worldwide. cancer risk potentially continues to increase because of the ma...

Changes on Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers in Plasma and Cardiac Tissue Due to Prolonged Exposure to Normobaric Hyperoxia

background: hyperoxia is a state of oversupply of oxygen in tissues and organs that can increase reactive oxygen species (ros). when antioxidants cannot balance ros levels, oxidative stress occurs. ca...

Studies On Biosurfactant Produced Using Exiguobacterium Profundum

background: the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations generally adds surfactants. microbial biosurfactants can be an alternative because biodegradable and have antibacterial properties. objecti...

Alanine Amino Transferase (Alt) Specific Activities in Long Term Systemic Hypoxic Rat Brain Tissues

background: brain as a very aerobic organ is sensitive to hypoxia. energy scarcities must be overcome by gluconeogenesis, which uses alanine or lactate as starting material. the reaction is catalyzed...

The First Investigation of Aac(6')-ib Enzyme in Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Indonesian Patients

background: over the past decade, numbers of carbapenemase producing-carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (cp-cre) has been increasing worldwide and it has been becoming a threat because of its res...

Computational Design of Ancestral and Consensus Sequence of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (Ama1) of Plasmodium Spp.

background: it is important to design a malaria vaccine targeting all human malaria parasites as well as non-human primate parasites to eradicate malaria and prevent zoonotic malaria. apical membrane ...

Elisa Method to Detect Abo Blood Group in External Secretion Fluids

background: usually it takes a large number of volume sample to determine blood group from external secretion fluids. but, in certain condition, samples are only available in very small amount. the ob...

A Sign Of Acute Inflammation In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Kota Baru And Kalibaru Subdistricts, Bekasi

background: during the development of chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm), inflammatory signals are elevated which can cause microvascular damage. c-reactive protein (crp) is one of acute phase pr...

Carbon Tetrachloride Administration Induces the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (Hif-1α) in Rat Liver

background: there is now increasing evidence that hif-1 is also responsive to a variety of non-hypoxic stimuli. however, the mechanisms by which these non-hypoxic stimuli induce hif-1α are not complet...

Human Serum Folate Can Be Measured Using Folate Binding Protein Linked To Enzyme-labeled Protein Ligand Binding Assay (Elplba) AS Well AS Elisa

background: folate is an important substance used for purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. one measurement of folate that already establishes is using elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ...

The Effect of Maja Fruit [Aegle Marmelos (L) Correa] on Inflammation Markers Involved in the Aging Process

background: aging is a process that every living creature will pass through and involves various factors. increased inflammatory factors can be caused by hypoxia which forms reactive oxygen species (r...

Expression of Apelin is Related to Oxidative Damage in Heart Tissue of Rats During Chronic Systemic Hypoxia

background: chronic systemic hypoxia is severe environmental stress for the heart and might lead to the development of heart failure. apelin is an endogenous peptide that has been shown to have variou...

Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove) Effect on Catalase Activity Due to Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver

background: clove is known as antioxidant spice that used in cigarettes, spice for food/soup, and traditional medicine. it is believed that clove could protect smokers from cigarette-free radicals. ot...

The Relationship Between the Umbilical Cord Length and IT's Diameter with the Total Cd34+ and Total Nucleated Cell (Tnc) as a Parameter of Cord Blood Selection

background: the stem cell transplantation successful influenced by the quality of the umbilical cord blood which includes the number of cd34 + and total nucleated cells (tnc).objectives: the study aim...

The Increased of Carbonic Anhydrase in Liver Tissue of Rat Induced by Chronic Systemic Hypoxia

background: carbonic anhydrases (cas) are metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration reaction of co2, in order to maintain the cell homeostasis. these enzymes are found in vari...

Enhancing Cognitive Function of Healthy Wistar Rats with Aqueous Extract of Centella Asiatica

background: centella asiatica (l.) urb is a native herb from asian countries such as india, china, and indonesia. this herb has been widely used as a cure for various diseases. however, studies invest...

The Effect of Mangrove (Rhizophora Apiculata) Bark Extract Ethanol on Histopathology Pancreas of Male White Rats Sprague Dawley Strain Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

background: cigarette smoke is free radical that causing some pathological conditions such as inflammation, proteolysis, and oxidative stress. in previous studies, mangrove (rhizophora apiculata) bark...