Overview of Serum Interleukin-18 (IL-18) Levels in Liver Cirrhosis Patients and Their Correlation to Hepatic Encephalopathy

background: the inflammatory process has an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (he) in liver cirrhosis. il-18 is a key mediator who plays a role in neuroinflamation proces...

Inflammatory Process in Hepatic Encephalopathy: the Role of Interleukin-18

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Left-Sided Portal Hypertension: a Case Series

left-sided portal hypertension is rarely found, but this condition may cause gastrointestinal tract bleeding and can be life-threatening. the exact incidence of left-sided portal hypertension is unkno...

First Year Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Profile in Singkawang West Borneo 2017 – 2018

background: gastrointestinal endoscopic examination which is included in the referral system of the badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (bpjs) has been available at st vincentius hospital singkawang an...

Sedation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

sedation helps patients to tolerate uncomfortable gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures by relieving anxiety and pain. it also decreases a patient's risk of physical injury during gastrointestinal end...

Association Between Severity of Dyspepsia and Urea Breath Test Results in Patients with Positive Helicobacter Pylori Serology

background: active helicobacter pylori infection is considered to cause more severe dyspepsia symptoms compared to inactive infection. this study was aimed to determine the association between severit...

Advanced Gastric Cancer in a Young Male Patient

gastric cancer remains the second most common gi cancer in the world, and is usually found in men, especially those over 50 years of age. gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease resulting from the ...

Correlation Between TNF- Α and Degree of Gastritis

background: tnf- α is a cytokine that plays an active role in the pathogenesis of gastritis. the correlation of tnf-α levels in the gastric mucosa with the severity of gastritis has long been known. h...

Role of Helicobacter Pylori in Damaging the Gastroduodenal Mucosa

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Cancer Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer

colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common cancer in males, the second in females and is the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. despite recent advances in chemotherapy, and ...

Eosinophilic Colitis Presenting with Chronic Diarrhea

eosinophilic colitis (ec) is a rare disease which characterized by infiltration of eosinophil in colon and peripheral eosinophilia. other causes of peripheral eosinophilia need to be excluded before a...

Effects of Curcumin Against Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) Serum Level on Rat Model of Liver Fibrosis Resolution Process

background: liver fibrosis is an effect from continuous fibrogenesis and fibrolysis process. during fibrogenesis, mmp-2 and timp-2 that produced by hepatic stellate cell (hsc) have a role to regulate ...

Association Between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)/Platelet Ratio and Degree of Fibrosis in Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B

background : histological examination of the liver remains the gold standard of assessing liver cirrhosis. however, this examination is an invasive method with many complications.objectives : this st...

Breastfeeding for Gut Infant Health

infants react sensible to dietary changes because the gut physiology and functionality is not fully mature. the first few months of life is the 'window of opportunity' for optimal physical growth and ...

Management of Gastric Motility Disorder

gastric motility disorder or gastroparesis is an objective slowing of gastrointestinal emptying syndrome, in the absence of mechanical obstruction, with cardinal symptoms such as rapid feeling of full...

The Comparision of Serum Malondialdehyde Level Between H. Pylori Positive and H. Pylori Negative Gastritis Patients

background: helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis in the world, meanwhile gastritis caused by nsaids is the most encountered type of gastritis. increased free radicals caus...

The Role of Biologics Agent in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), with major manifestations as crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology which pathogensi...

Factors Associated with Surveillance for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Cirrhosis Patients

background: the minimal number of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients diagnosed through surveillance is proposed as the cause of persistently low number of survival. it is important to identify th...

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Acute Fulminant Hepatitis: a Case Report

dengue virus is estimated to cause over 100 million infections throughout the world annually. although dengue infections can have a wide range of clinical pictures, atypical manifestations have been d...

Long Term Risks of Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration: a Literature Review

proton pump inhibitor (ppi) has become drug of choice for acid related disease. however, ppi tend to be overprescribed and becoming one of the highest burden for health cost. some studies showed that ...